1, the basic component fiber optic connectors: At present, most of the fiber optic connector is composed of three parts: two with the plug and a coupling tube. Two plugs put into the end of two optical fibers; coupling aligned pipe casing from the role. In addition, the coupling tube with a metal or non-metallic multi-flange for mounting on the connector.         

2, the fiber optic connector alignment method:

Alignment of fiber optic connectors in two ways: with a precision component alignment and active alignment.

(1) high-precision components aligned method is the most common way, this method is fixed to the plug fiber penetration and support of the casing, the docking port or polishing treatment, the sleeve pipe coupling to achieve alignment. Support the plug casing of stainless steel, stainless steel glass or ceramic mosaic, ceramic casing, molded plastic and other materials, glass fiber production. Butt plug side grinding treatment, the other end is usually limited by bending optical fiber or optical components to support cord to release the stress. Coupling is generally aligned with the sleeve of ceramic, glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or metal and other materials of the two semi-synthetic, fastening made of cylindrical components. To make fiber of a prospective, this type of connector plug and socket coupling components for processing high precision requires the use of ultra-high precision production molds or machining process. This type of optical fiber connector insertion loss in (0.18 ~ 3.0) dB range.

(2) active alignment of the connector component lower accuracy requirements, according to the ordinary low-cost manufacturing process. However, the assembly requires the use of optical instruments (microscope, visible light, etc.) supporting adjustments in order to align core. In order to obtain low insertion loss and high return loss, need to use the index-matching material.

3, Some of the common fiber optic connectors:

(1) FC-type optical fiber connector

This connector was first developed by the Japanese NTT. Ferrule Connector FC is the abbreviation, that way its outer metal sleeve to strengthen, tighten the turnbuckles way. The earliest, FC type connector, used in ceramic pin contact with the butt end is flat mode (FC). Such connections simple structure, easy operation, making easy, but more sensitive to fiber end face of the dust, and prone to Fresnel reflection and improve the return loss performance more difficult. Later, the type of connector has been improved, the use of spherical butt end appear before the Pin (PC), while the external structure has not changed, making the insertion loss and return loss performance has been more greatly enhanced.

(2) SC type fiber optic connector

It's a developed by the Japanese NTT molded plug coupled single-mode fiber connectors. The shell molding, molded fiberglass with plastic, were rectangular; plug casing (also called pins) are made by the fine ceramics, metal coupling sleeve slotted casing structure, the structure size and FC Type the same treatment with PC or APC end-type polishing; fastening method is the use of latch-type pin plug without rotation. Such low-cost connector, plug easy to operate, small fluctuations in insertion loss, high strength, high density installation.

(3) DIN47256 fiber-optic connectors

This is a connector developed by Germany, DIN is the German industry standard, said the figures behind it as the standard number. The connector pins and coupling sleeve with the structure of the same size and FC type, end treatment using PC polishing. Compared with the FC-type connector, the structure is more complicated, the internal pressure of the metal structure of the spring controlled to avoid excessive pressure due to the injury of plug end. In addition, this high precision mechanical connectors, so the insertion loss is smaller.

(4) LC fiber-optic connectors

LC-type connectors are well-known Bell (Bell) out of research and development institute, using easy to operate modular jack (RJ) made the latch mechanism. They used the size of pin and sleeve are ordinary SC, FC, etc. half the size used for the 1.25mm. This fiber optic patch panel in the density of fiber optic connectors. Currently, the SFF in terms of single-mode, LC connector types actually have to hold a dominant position in terms of multi-mode applications are growing rapidly.

(5) LC fiber-optic connectors

Started in the MT-RJ connector MT NTT developed with LAN with RJ-45 type electrical connector latch the same institution, in a small tube through the installation of guide pins aligned on both sides of the fiber and optical transceivers to facilitate machine connected to the twin-core optical fiber connector end (interval 0.75mm) arranged in the design, is mainly used for the next generation of high-density data transmission fiber optic connector.

(6) MU fiber-optic connectors